But your nerves aren’t always sending positive sensations to your brain. They also send pain signals. In some ways, that’s helpful. Your body telling your brain that something is hot or sharp helps you limit your exposure, keeping yourself safe.
But what happens when you don’t have the option to move away from the painful thing? If you’re dealing with chronic low back pain or sciatic pain, you know the frustration of nerves constantly sending pain signals.
Fortunately, you might have a convenient way to interrupt those signals, bringing yourself relief. It’s called transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). And an at-home TENS unit could be the solution to your discomfort.
TENS unit 101
A TENS unit sends safe, low-voltage electrical currents into targeted parts of your body. It comes with sticky pads that you can place on your body to get the relief right where you need it (e.g., on your low back).
The TENS unit works for back pain or sciatic pain in two ways. First, it helps to interrupt the pain signals your nerves are trying to send to your brain. Secondly, it encourages your body to release endorphins.
Endorphins are hormones that have what medical experts call an analgesic effect. That means they ease pain. In fact, medical experts call endorphins your body’s natural painkillers.
If you want to get a quick look at how TENS works in your body, check out this one-minute video.
TENS for back pain
Many studies have evaluated the effectiveness of a TENS unit for chronic back pain. One meta-analysis of 13 of those studies found that “treatment of chronic low back pain with TENS demonstrated significant pain reduction.”
What’s more, it concluded that applying a TENS unit could help people use less pain medication. In other words, using TENS for back pain could save you from the side effects and potential addictiveness of trying to moderate your back pain with pharmaceuticals.
TENS for sciatic pain
TENS therapy is particularly helpful for people with sciatic pain because you can place the pads wherever you feel discomfort. In some people, the pinching of the sciatic nerve causes pain in the low back. For others, the pain radiates down one or both legs. With TENS, you get a way to apply targeted pain relief right wherever you need it.
In fact, studies show that using a TENS unit can even be helpful if you’ve unsuccessfully tried other treatments for sciatic pain.
Ultimately, the nerve stimulation a TENS unit delivers gives you a medication-free, localized way to address pain right at the source. So whether you’re living with chronic back pain, sciatica, or another uncomfortable condition, it’s worth trying it for yourself. To explore different types of TENS units and find which is right for you, start here.
What is a TENS unit?
A TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) unit is a small, portable device that delivers mild electrical pulses through electrodes placed on the skin. It is commonly used to manage pain, including low back pain and sciatic pain.
How does a TENS unit help with low back pain and sciatica?
The electrical pulses from a TENS unit block pain signals from reaching the brain, stimulate the production of natural pain-relieving chemicals like endorphins, and improve blood circulation in the affected area, which can reduce pain and inflammation.
Where should I place the electrodes for low back pain?
Place the electrodes on either side of the area where you feel pain, avoiding the spine itself. Ensure the skin is clean and dry before attaching the pads for better adhesion and effective stimulation.
Can I use a TENS unit for sciatic pain?
Yes, a TENS unit can be used for sciatic pain. Position the electrodes along the path of the sciatic nerve, typically from the lower back, through the buttock, and down the leg. Consult the user manual or a healthcare professional for precise placement.
How long should I use the TENS unit in one session?
A typical session lasts 15–30 minutes, but it can vary based on personal preference and the manufacturer's instructions. Do not use the device for extended periods without breaks to avoid skin irritation or discomfort.
Are there any risks or side effects of using a TENS unit?
TENS units are generally safe when used as directed. Possible side effects include skin irritation, redness, or discomfort where the electrodes are placed. Avoid using the device if you have a pacemaker, are pregnant, or have certain medical conditions without consulting a doctor.
How often can I use the TENS unit for back pain relief?
You can use the TENS unit multiple times a day as needed, provided you follow the recommended session duration and avoid prolonged continuous use. Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Is a prescription needed to use a TENS unit?
No, TENS units are available over the counter. However, consulting a healthcare professional before use is advisable, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are unsure about electrode placement.
Will the TENS unit cure my low back or sciatic pain?
A TENS unit does not cure pain but provides temporary relief by reducing the perception of pain. For long-term management, combine TENS therapy with other treatments such as physical therapy, exercise, or medication as advised by a healthcare provider.
Can I use a TENS unit while sleeping or driving?
It is not recommended to use a TENS unit while sleeping or driving. Proper attention is needed when using the device to ensure safety and correct operation.